2010년 10월 7일 목요일

진짜 불교와 가짜 불교를 구별하는 방법

불교는 2600 여년 동안 여러 지역과 서로 다른 문화환경에 따라서 다양한 방법으로 발전해 왔다. 그래서 우리는 다양한 수식어가 붙은 불교들을 접하게 된다. 초기 불교, 원시 불교, 부파 불교, 소승/대승 불교, 티벳 불교, 중국/한국/인도 불교, 남방/북방 불교, 심지어는 그 이름 만은 참말로 아름다운 무슨 궁전에 있는 영산 불교까지...

우리가 불교의 발전과정의 역사를 이해하면 그들 나름대로의 특징이 있고 색깔이 있기 때문에 각기 다른 종류의 불교로 인정해야 할 것이다. 그러나 게 중에는 진짜 불교와 가짜 불교가 뒤죽박죽 섞여 있는 것 또한 현실이다.

그러면 그들 중에서 진짜 불교와 가짜 불교를 어떻게 구별해 낼 것인가?
두 말 할 것도 없이 석가모니 부처님을 따르는 것은 진짜 불교이고 그렇지 않은 것들은 불교란 옷을 뒤집어 쓴 외도 마구니들이다.

그렇다면 부처님의 올바른 가르침[정법]을 어떻게 구별해 낼 것인가? 서로가 자기 주장이 정법이라고 우기고들 있으니, 보통의 우리 같은 중생들로서는 그것들을 구별해 내기가 쉽지 않은 일이다. 물론 어떤 이웃 종교들 처럼 무조건 "미읻~~십니다!!!"를 외쳐 대기만 하면 다 되는 것이면 좋으련만, 부처님께서는 의심해 보지도 않고 맹목적으로 믿는 것은 겉만 달콤한 쥐약을 먹는 것과 같다고 했다.

그렇다면 어쩌란 말인가?
아마도 이런 일들을 미리 예견해서 인지 부처님께서는 살아 계실 때 좋은 가르침을 남겨 주시고 가셨다.

독화살의 비유로 유명한 <전유경>에 보면, 소위 열가지 無記라는 것이 있다. 이들은 논박할 수도 증명할 수도 없는 10 가지, 즉 분명하게 밝힐 수 없기 때문에 부처님께서도 말하지 않고 끝까지 침묵으로 일관했던 열가지 문제 들이다.

"내가 밝힐 것은 밝히고 밝히지 않아도 될 것은 밝히지 않았다는 사실을 명심하라.
내가 밝히지 않은 것들은 무엇인가?
이 세께는 '시간적으로' 무한한가? 유한한가?
이 세계는 '공간적으로' 무한한가? 유한한가?
생명과 육신은 동일한가? 다른가?
여래는 사후에 존재하는가? 존재하지 않는가? 존재하기도 하고 존재하지 않기도 하는가? 존재하는 것도 아니며 존재하지 않는 것도 아닌가?
내가 왜 그것들을 설명하지 않았는가?
그러한 문제들은 근본적으로 거룩한 삶과는 관계가 없으며, 수행의 목적과도 관계가 없으며, 욕심을 떠나는 것과도 관계가 없으며, 깨달음이나 열반으로 이끌지도 못하기 때문이니라.
나는 말할 수 없는 것들은 말하지 않고, 말할 수 있는 것들만 말했으니, 이와 같이 지켜야만 하고, 이와 같이 배워야만 한다."

위에서 설하신 것들을 소위 십무기라고 한다.

불교란 "부처님의 가르침"을 일컫는 것이니, 석가모니 부처님께서 말할 수 없다고 침묵했던 문제들을 이러쿵 저러쿵 논한다면 진짜 불교, 정통 불교가 아니다. 석가모니 부처님께서 침묵으로 일관했던 문제들에 대해서 어떤 확정적인 단언을 한다면 그것이 바로 불교의 왜곡이다. 진짜 불교와 사이비 불교를 가름할 수 있는 길이 바로 여기에 있다.

부처님의 가르침을 믿고 따른다면서 부처님이 말할 수 없다고 침묵한 것들을 이러쿵 저러쿵 말하는 것은 불교가 아니라 부처님을 파는 사람이요, 부처님을 속이는 사람이며, 부처님을 앞세워 중생을 속이는 사람들일 뿐이다.

그러나 어쩌랴?
이렇게 부처님께서도 말할 수가 없어서 침묵으로만 일관했던 문제들에 대해서, 우리 중생들은 어느 한 쪽으로 기대고 싶고, 맹목적으로 믿고싶은 나약한 마음을 갖고 있는 것을...

이것이 바로 우리 중생들의 한계이고 어리석음이리라. 더구나 중생들의 그런 나약한 심리 상태를 교묘히 이용해서 불교의 탈을 쓰고 혹세무민을 일삼는 사이비 악덕 종교 지도자들이 널려 있음을... 그래서 기복 불교, 무당 불교, 천도재 불교가 판을 치게 되는 것이다.

방법은 간단하다.
영험하다는 무당 내지는 사기꾼 스님들 이야기 듣지 말고,
오로지 부처님 말씀에만 의존하면 된다.
진짜 부처님 말씀이 어디 있느냐고?
바로 불교 경전들이 부처님 말씀이 아니고 무엇이 부처님 말씀이겠는가?
그것도 가능하면 원시 경전인 아함경, 또는 소승 경전에 의지하는 것이 더 좋다.
(그렇다고 해서 대승 경전의 말씀들이 부처님 가르침이 아니라는 말은 절대 아닙니다.)

진짜 옥석을 옆에, 아니 집에다 두고도,
가짜 금으로 도금한 잡석에 눈이 멀어 헤메고 계시지는 않는지
곰곰히... 곰곰히...

도신 두 손 모음 _()_()_()_

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